Fluid intake, hydration status and body mass changes in U-15 judo athletes during a training day

Despite numerous studies related to dehydration there is still a lack of scientific literature presenting hydration status and fluid intake of judo athletes during different periods. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate, fluid intake, hydration status and body weight changes of young judo athletes during a typical day of training in preparation period. Twenty-two young judo athletes (age: 12 ± 0.7 y, experience: 3.5 ± 1.1) voluntarily participated in this study. Hydration status and weight were examined in the morning, before and immediately after the training. All athletes trained 90 min and they consumed fluids ad libitum during the exercise. According to morning urine specific gravity (USG) values, 81.2% of the athletes were dehydrated while only 18.8% of the athletes were euhydrated. Pre-training urine measurements showed that 63.64% of the athletes presented dehydration and 77.27% of the athletes completed the training in dehydrated condition despite fluid availability during the training. Mean body weight loss during training was -0.64 ± 0.66%. It can be concluded that young judo athletes presented high prevalence of dehydration as indicated by USG values. Most of the athletes were dehydrated during a typical training day and completed the training in more dehydrated conditions compared to pre training values despite ad libitum fluid intake. It is of great importance to evaluate hydration status of the athletes before training to refrain from common practice of fluid restriction for weight loss and adverse effects of a persistent state of fluid deficit on physical and health related state.

Knowledge, Attitude and Practices Regarding Consumption of Carbonated Soft Drinks Among the Dental Students: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract Objective: To assess and evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and practices regarding the consumption of carbonated drinks among dental students. Carbonated drinks are pervaded by carbon dioxide and have more adverse effects since they are acidic in nature. Nowadays, these are consumed more widely globally, causing many systemic diseases; diabetes and obesity are common. Material and Methods: This study includes 204 individuals belonging to the age group of 18-26 years. A self-structured objective type cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of dental students regarding carbonated drinks. The participants were instructed to mark the most appropriate correct answer from the given list of close-ended type questions. Results: Of 204 dental students, the study population includes 125 female and 79 male students. 98.5% of the students knew about carbonated drinks, while 1.5% were unaware. Conclusion: Most participants preferred to have carbonated drinks even with their awareness about the ill effects of these drinks. Possible implications by the government authorities may probably increase awareness among the population (AU).

Relación entre el consumo habitual de café y la mortalidad general y cardiovascular: revisión de revisiones sistemáticas de la literatura / Relationship between habitual coffee consumption and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality: systematic review of reviews

El objetivo de este estudio fue establecer la relación entre consumo habitual de café y la mortalidad general y cardiovascular. En una búsqueda sistemática en Medline, EMBASE, LILACS y Cochrane se seleccionaron y analizaron revisiones sistemáticas y meta-análisis por una pareja de investigadores. De 181 referencias, 74 fueron seleccionadas por título y resumen; luego de eliminar duplicados y según el puntaje de calidad obtenido por AMSTAR, se consideraron 5 artículos para extracción y análisis. El consumo moderado de café (3 o 4 tazas) disminuye la mortalidad general, tanto comparado con el no consumo (RR= 0,83; IC95%: 0,79-0,88; I2= 83% para 3 tazas, y RR=0,84 IC95%: 0,82-0,87; I2= 58% para 4), como con un consumo mínimo (RR= 0,88; IC95%: 0,84-0,93; I2= 68,7% para 4 tazas, y RR= 0,87; IC95%: 0,83-0,91; I2= 59,8% para consumo entre 3 y 4 tazas). La mortalidad cardiovascular se reduce si se compara con el no consumo, para 4 tazas (RR= 0,80; IC95%: 0,74-0,86; I2= 58%) y (RR= 0,83; IC95%: 0,75-0,92, I2 = 92%) y para 3 tazas (RR= 0,81; IC95%: 0,72-0,90; I2= 92%) y RR (0,79; IC95% 0.74-0.84; I2= 58%). Como conclusión, el consumo habitual de 3 y 4 tazas de café reduce la mortalidad general y cardiovascular.

The objective of this study was to establish the relationship between habitual coffee consumption and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. A systematic review was conducted using Medline, EMBASE, LILACS and Cochrane databases. Systematic reviews and meta-analysis were selected and analyzed. From 181 systematic reviews, 74 were selected by title and summary; after eliminating duplicates. According to the quality score of the AMSTAR tool, five articles were selected for information extraction and analysis. Moderate coffee consumption (3 or 4 cups) decreased overall mortality, compared to non-consumption (RR= 0.83, 95% CI: 0.79-0.88; I2= 83% for 3 cups, and RR= 0.84, 95% CI: 0.82-0.87; I2= 58% for 4 cups) and minimum consumption (RR= 0.88, 95% CI: 0.84-0.93; I2= 68.7% for 4 cups, and RR= 0.87, 95% CI: 0.83-0.91; I2= 59.8% between 3 and 4 cups). Cardiovascular mortality was reduced when compared to non-consumption, for 4 cups (RR= 0.80, 95% CI: 0.74-0.86; I2= 58%) and (RR= 0.83, 95% CI: 0.75-0.92; I2= 92%), and for 3 cups (RR= 0.81, 95 CI: 0.72-0.90; I2= 92%; RR= 0.79, 95% CI: 0.74-0.84; I2= 58%). In conclusion, habitual coffee consumption between 3 and 4 cups reduces the risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality.

Demographic, socioeconomic and lifestyle factors associated with sugar-sweetened beverage intake: a population-based study / Fatores demográficos, socioeconômicos e de estilo de vida associados ao consumo de bebidas açucaradas: um estudo de base populacional

ABSTRACT: Introduction: The intake of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) varies according to the characteristics of the population. Objective: To investigate the SSB intake and demographic, socioeconomic and lifestyle factors associated with its consumption in adolescents, adults, and older adults in São Paulo. Methods: Data were drawn from the Health Survey of São Paulo, a cross-sectional population-based study including 1,662 individuals aged 12 years or more. SSB were classified into six groups: sugar-sweetened sodas, sweetened coffee and tea, sweetened milk and dairy products, sweetened fruit juice, sweetened fruit drink, and total SSB. The association of each group with demographic, socioeconomic and lifestyle variables was assessed using linear regression models. Results: The mean SSB intake was 668.4 mL in adolescents, 502.6 mL in adults, and 358.2 mL in elderly adults. Sodas and sweetened coffee and tea represented had the greatest contribution to energy intake. SSB consumption was lower among female sex and higher among overweight adolescents, among sufficiently active adults, and among lower household per capita income older adults. Consumption of SSB was high, particularly among adolescents. Public policies are required in order to decrease the consumption of these beverages. Conclusion: Age group, sex, household per capita income, and body mass index status were associated with SSB intake.

RESUMO: Introdução: A ingestão de bebidas açucaradas varia de acordo com as características da população. Objetivos: Investigar o consumo de bebidas açucaradas e os fatores demográficos, socioeconômicos e de estilo de vida associados ao seu consumo em adolescentes, adultos e idosos residentes em São Paulo. Métodos: Foram utilizados dados do Inquérito de Saúde de São Paulo, estudo transversal de base populacional, incluindo 1.662 indivíduos com 12 anos ou mais. As bebidas açucaradas foram classificadas em seis grupos: refrigerantes, cafés e chás adoçados, leite e produtos lácteos adoçados, sucos de fruta natural adoçados, sucos de fruta artificial adoçados e bebidas açucaradas totais. A associação de cada grupo com variáveis demográficas, socioeconômicas e de estilo de vida foi determinada por meio de modelos de regressão linear. Resultados: A ingestão média de bebidas açucaradas foi 668,4 mL em adolescentes, 502,6 mL em adultos e 358,2 mL em idosos. Refrigerantes e cafés e chás adoçados foram os grupos com a maior contribuição para a ingestão energética. O consumo de bebidas açucaradas foi menor entre as mulheres e maior entre os adolescentes com excesso de peso, entre adultos suficientemente ativos e entre os idosos de menor renda familiar per capita. O consumo de bebidas açucaradas foi elevado, particularmente entre adolescentes. Políticas públicas são necessárias a fim de reduzir o consumo dessas bebidas. Conclusão: Faixa etária, sexo, renda familiar per capita e índice de massa corporal foram associadas ao consumo de bebidas açucaradas.

Pacientes em diálise peritoneal: associação entre diagnósticos de enfermagem e seus componentes / Pacientes en diálisis peritoneal: relación entre diagnósticos de enfermería y sus componentes / Patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis: association between nursing diagnoses and their components

Resumo Objetivo: Analisar a associação entre os diagnósticos de enfermagem e suas características definidoras, fatores relacionados ou de risco para pacientes em diálise peritoneal. Métodos: Estudo de validação de conteúdo realizado com seis enfermeiros nefrologistas, os quais participaram no presente estudo como peritos. Utilizou-se a técnica de grupo focal. Para análise dos dados foi utilizada a regressão logística. Resultados: Para os quatro diagnósticos de enfermagem estudados foram identificados associação com seus componentes como segue. Fadiga: anemia, falta de energia e verbalização de uma constante falta de energia; Deambulação prejudicada: capacidade prejudicada de subir e descer calçadas, capacidade prejudicada de subir escadas e força muscular insuficiente; Constipação: ingestão insuficiente de líquidos, atividade física insuficiente, dor à evacuação, fezes duras e formadas; Volume de líquidos excessivo: mecanismos reguladores comprometidos, azotemia, ingestão maior que o débito, ganho de peso em curto período e eletrólitos alterados. Conclusão: Os diagnósticos analisados integram os domínios: atividade/repouso, eliminação e troca e nutrição e representam associação com seus componentes para os pacientes em diálise peritoneal.

Resumen Objetivo: Analizar la relación entre los diagnósticos de enfermería y sus características definitorias, factores relacionados o de riesgo en pacientes en diálisis peritoneal. Métodos: Estudio de validación de contenido realizado con seis enfermeros nefrólogos, que participaron en este estudio como peritos. Se utilizó la técnica de grupo focal. Para analizar los datos se utilizó la regresión logística. Resultados: Se identificaron relaciones en los cuatro diagnósticos de enfermería estudiados con sus componentes de la siguiente forma. Fatiga: anemia, falta de energía y verbalización de una constante falta de energía; Deterioro de la deambulación: deterioro de la capacidad de subir y bajar escaleras, deterioro de la capacidad de subir escaleras y fuerza muscular insuficiente; Constipación: ingesta insuficiente de líquidos, actividad física insuficiente, dolor al evacuar, heces oscuras y formadas; Volumen excesivo de líquidos: mecanismos reguladores comprometidos, azotemia, ingesta mayor que las pérdidas, aumento de peso en corto período y electrolitos alterados. Conclusión: Los diagnósticos analizados integran los dominios: actividad/reposo, eliminación y cambio y nutrición y representan relación con sus componentes en pacientes en diálisis peritoneal.

Abstract Objective: To analyze the association between nursing diagnoses and their defining characteristics, related or risk factors for patients on peritoneal dialysis. Methods: Content validation study with six nephrologist nurses, who participated in the study as experts. The focus group technique was used. Logistic regression was used for data analysis. Results: For the four nursing diagnoses studied, was identified an association with its components as follows. Fatigue: anemia, insufficient energy and verbalization of a sustained exhaustion; Impaired walking: impaired ability to navigate curbs, impaired ability to climb stairs and insufficient muscle strength; Constipation: insufficient fluid intake, insufficient physical activity, pain with defecation, hard and formed stools; Excess fluid volume: compromised regulatory mechanisms, azotemia, intake exceeds output, weight gain over short period of time, and electrolyte imbalance. Conclusion: The analyzed diagnoses integrate the following domains: activity/rest, elimination and exchange and nutrition, and are associated with its components for patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis.

Efeito da ingestão de sucos de laranja, variedades Moro e Pera, sobre o estresse oxidativo de camundongos saudáveis e com resistência à insulina induzida por dieta hiperlipídica e hiperglicídica / Effect of orange juices intake, cv. Moro and Pera, in oxidative stress of healthy and insulin resistant mice induced by high-fat and high carbohydrate diet

As laranjas, das variedades Moro e Pera, são conhecidas por sua composição de flavonoides, em especial, a subclasse flavanona, além das antocianinas na laranja Moro. Ambas as subclasses apresentam capacidade antioxidante, anti-inflamatória e hipolipidêmica, podendo atenuar as alterações metabólicas decorrentes do consumo de uma dieta hiperlipídica e hiperglicídica. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da ingestão de sucos de laranja, das variedades Moro e Pera, sobre os parâmetros oxidativos de camundongos saudáveis e com resistência à insulina, esta última induzida por uma dieta hiperlipídica e hiperglicídica. Camundongos machos, da linhagem C57Bl/6, foram distribuídos em seis grupos, três grupos receberam uma dieta controle e três grupos uma dieta hiperlipídica e hiperglicídica, durante 12 semanas. Concomitante às dietas, dois grupos de cada tratamento receberam suco de laranja Pera e o outro suco de laranja Moro em substituição à água de beber. Na 10ª e 11ª semana, foram realizados o ipITT e o ipGTT. No final do tratamento, foram coletados o sangue, fígado e coração. As flavanonas majoritárias caracterizadas em ambos os sucos foram a narirutina e hesperitina. Além das flavanonas, a cianidina 3-glucosídeo foi a antocianina majoritária no suco de laranja Moro. O consumo de dieta hiperlipídica e hiperglicídica acarretou em ganho de peso e adiposidade corporal, além de alterações metabólicas, como intolerância à insulina e a glicose, com o desenvolvimento da resistência insulínica, de acordo com o índice de HOMA-IR. Contudo, o suco de laranja, da variedade Pera, foi capaz de atenuar os parâmetros metabólicos como a sensibilidade à insulina, além da adiposidade e peso corporal. No tecido hepático, foi observado redução da peroxidação lipídica e da expressão proteica da enzima catalase nos animais tratados com dieta hiperlipídica e hiperglicídica, quando comparado à dieta controle; e aumento na atividade de superóxido dismutase no tecido cardíaco. Não se observou diferenças significativas nas demais enzimas antioxidantes, bem como no dano oxidativo ao DNA avaliado pelo ensaio do cometa. No tecido cardíaco, foi observado aumento da peroxidação lipídica e de glutationa peroxidase nos animais tratados com dieta controle mais suco de laranja Pera e suco de laranja Moro, respectivamente. Assim, a dieta hiperlipídica e hiperglicídica não acarretou em estresse oxidativo e, de maneira geral, os sucos não alteraram este quadro. Como conclusão, o suco de laranja Pera, atenuou as alterações metabólicas relacionadas ao metabolismo de carboidratos, mas não alterou os parâmetros de estresse oxidativo

Oranges, Moro and Pera varieties, are known for their composition of flavonoids, especially the subclass flavanone, beyond the anthocyanins in the Moro variety. Both subclasses present antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and hypolipidemic capacities, and may attenuate the metabolic alterations due to the consumption of a hyperlipidemic and hyperglycemic diet. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of orange juice intake, Moro and Pera varieties, on the oxidative parameters of insulin resistant mice induced by a high-fat and high carbohydrate diet. Mice (C57Bl/6 strain) were distributed in six groups: three groups received a control diet and three groups received a high-fat and high carbohydrate diet during 12 weeks. Concomitantly to the diets, two groups of each treatment received Pera and Moro orange juice in replacement of water. The ipITT and ipGTT were done at 11 e 12 week. At the ending of the treatment, blood, liver and heart were collected. The flavanones narirutine and hesperitin were the major flavanones in both juices. In addition, cyanidin 3-glycoside was the major anthocyanin in Moro orange juice. The consumption of high-fat and high carbohydrate diet resulted in weight gain and body adiposity, and metabolic alterations, such as decrease in insulin tolerance and development of insulin resistance, according to the HOMA-IR index. However, orange juice of the Pera variety was able to attenuate metabolic parameters increasing insulin sensitivity and decreasing adiposity and body weight. In hepatic tissue, decrease on lipid peroxidation and protein expression of the catalase were observed in animals treated with high-fat and high carbohydrate diet when compared to the control diet; and an increase activity of the superoxide dismutase in cardiac tissue. No significant differences were observed in the other antioxidant enzymes, as well as in the oxidative DNA damage assessed by the comet assay. In cardiac tissue, lipid peroxidation and glutathione peroxidase were increased in animals treated with control diet plus Pera and Moro orange juice, respectively. Thus, the high-fat and high carbohydrate diet did not promote oxidative stress and, in general, the juices did not alter oxidative parameters. In conclusion, Pera orange juice attenuate the metabolic alterations related to the metabolism of carbohydrates, but not alter oxidative stress parameters

Comparison of Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Tongue between Young and Old Patients

BACKGROUND: The worldwide incidence of squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue (SCCOT) in young patients has been increasing. We investigated clinicopathologic features of this unique population and compared them with those of SCCOT in the elderly to delineate its pathogenesis.METHODS: We compared clinicopathological parameters between patients under and over 45 years old. Immunohistochemical assays of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, androgen receptor, p53, p16, mdm2, cyclin D1, and glutathione S-transferase P1 were also compared between them.RESULTS: Among 189 cases, 51 patients (27.0%) were under 45 years of age. A higher proportion of women was seen in the young group, but was not statistically significant. Smoking and drinking behaviors between age groups were similar. Histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis showed no significant difference by age and sex other than higher histologic grades observed in young patients.CONCLUSIONS: SCCOT in young adults has similar clinicopathological features to that in the elderly, suggesting that both progress via similar pathogenetic pathways.

Epidemiology of Alcohol Use Disorders and Alcohol Policy / 신경정신의학

Alcohol is a substance that has a negative impact on public health according to the various drinking patterns and amount consumed. Alcohol epidemiology covers an investigation of the prevalence of alcohol use disorders, high risk drinking behaviors, and level of consumption per capita. The epidemiologic data of alcohol is an important guide to develop evidence-based alcohol policies. The high rate of drinking among middle aged males and young females is the result of recent socio-economic changes in South Korea and aggressive marketing from the alcohol industry. The high rate of treatment among middle-aged men indicates that the treatment of alcoholism begins later. Regarding alcohol policy, restrictions on alcohol accessibility and advertisement, and brief intervention systems might help reduce alcohol problems. In addition, a continuum of care system needs to be established to provide timely appropriate treatment and rehabilitation services.

Overall health and drinking behavior among pregnant and breastfeeding women in Korea / 한국역학회지

OBJECTIVES: The study was to conduct a comparative assessment of drinking behaviors and overall health among pregnant and breastfeeding women. METHODS: This study used data collected from the Korean Community Health Survey in 2015. Data obtained from 2,156 pregnant or breastfeeding women were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the t-test, the chi-square test, and the Pearson correlation coefficient. RESULTS: Current drinking and alcohol consumption were higher among pregnant women than among breastfeeding women. Depression was twice as common among breastfeeding women than among pregnant women, and stress was much higher among breastfeeding women as well. Breastfeeding women also had lower subjective dental health and more unmet medical needs than pregnant women. CONCLUSIONS: Although pregnant women were in better overall health than breastfeeding women, many of them were unable to stop drinking, which is a risky and adverse health behavior that negatively affects maternal and fetal health. In order to reduce drinking among pregnant and breastfeeding women, it is necessary to develop a tailored, standardized educational program and national guidelines.

Patterns of Drinking Behaviors and Predictors of Class Membership among Adolescents in the Republic of Korea: A Latent Class Analysis / 간호학회지

PURPOSE: Despite the high drinking rates and the complexity of drinking behaviors in adolescents, insufficient attention has been paid to their drinking patterns. Therefore, we aimed to identify patterns of adolescent drinking behaviors and factors predicting the distinct subgroups of adolescent drinking behaviors.METHODS: We analyzed nationally representative secondary data obtained in 2017. Our final sample included 24,417 Korean adolescents who had consumed at least one glass of alcohol in their lifetime. To investigate patterns of drinking behaviors, we conducted a latent class analysis using nine alcohol-related characteristics, including alcohol consumption levels, solitary drinking, timing of drinking initiation, and negative consequences of drinking. Furthermore, we investigated differences in demographics, mental health status, and characteristics of substance use across the latent classes identified in our study. To do so, we used the PROC LCA with COVARIATES statement in the SAS software.RESULTS: We identified three latent classes of drinking behaviors: current non-drinkers (CND), binge drinkers (BD), and problem drinkers (PD). Compared to the CND class, both BD and PD classes were strongly associated with higher academic year, lower academic performance, higher levels of stress, suicidal ideation, lifetime conventional or electronic cigarette use, and lifetime use of other drugs.CONCLUSION: Health professionals should develop and implement intervention strategies targeting individual subgroups of drinking behaviors to obtain better outcomes. In particular, health professionals should consider different characteristics across subgroups of adolescent drinking behaviors when developing the interventions, such as poor mental health status and other substance use among binge and problem drinkers.

Overall health and drinking behavior among pregnant and breastfeeding women in Korea / 한국역학회지

OBJECTIVES: The study was to conduct a comparative assessment of drinking behaviors and overall health among pregnant and breastfeeding women.METHODS: This study used data collected from the Korean Community Health Survey in 2015. Data obtained from 2,156 pregnant or breastfeeding women were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the t-test, the chi-square test, and the Pearson correlation coefficient.RESULTS: Current drinking and alcohol consumption were higher among pregnant women than among breastfeeding women. Depression was twice as common among breastfeeding women than among pregnant women, and stress was much higher among breastfeeding women as well. Breastfeeding women also had lower subjective dental health and more unmet medical needs than pregnant women.CONCLUSIONS: Although pregnant women were in better overall health than breastfeeding women, many of them were unable to stop drinking, which is a risky and adverse health behavior that negatively affects maternal and fetal health. In order to reduce drinking among pregnant and breastfeeding women, it is necessary to develop a tailored, standardized educational program and national guidelines.

Analysis of Drinking Behavior According to Household Type: Using Data from the 6th Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have revealed an association between health behavior and household type; moreover, there have been debates on the relation between drinking behavior and household type. Therefore, we examined drinking behavior of one-person households and compared the differences with multi-person households.METHODS: This study analyzed 8,966 participants, aged 19 years or older, in the 6th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2013, 2015). All participants were categorized into one- and multi-person households. The general characteristics were extracted using a chi-square test, and the risk of drinking behavior of one-person households was analyzed via multiple logistic regression.RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences in the drinking behavior of men by household type. However, the risks of binge and problem drinking were 3.242 times (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.624–6.471) and 2.488 times (95% CI, 1.097–5.642) higher, respectively, in one-person household women than in multi-person household members aged between 19 and 39 years. Furthermore, the risk of problem drinking was 2.266 times (95% CI, 1.126–4.561) higher in one-person household women than in multi-person household members aged between 40 and 64 years.CONCLUSION: Considering the increasing trend of one-person households, follow-up studies on drinking behavior of one-person households are needed; the findings of these studies need to be used to prevent alcohol-related diseases and socio-economic problems.

The Relationship between Thyroid Nodules Detected through Ultrasonography and Thyroid Function Test Results in Healthy Individuals

BACKGROUND: The detection of thyroid nodules through ultrasonography (US) has improved with the development of imaging technologies and thyroid cancer screening in Korea. We evaluated the relationship between the presence of thyroid nodules on US and thyroid function test (TFT) results in healthy individuals.METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of data from 449 adults (313 men and 136 women) who underwent tests to evaluate serum thyrotropin (TSH) and free thyroxine levels, thyroid US, and if needed, fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC).RESULTS: Of the 449 subjects, 144 subjects (32.1%) had thyroid nodules. Among the 144 with thyroid nodules, 24 (16.7%) were advised to undergo FNAC, and all of them showed normal serum TSH levels. Logistic regression analysis showed that the presence of thyroid nodules was not related to abnormalities noted on TFTs after adjusting for age, sex, smoking status, and presence of risky drinking behavior and hypertension (P=0.647).CONCLUSION: The presence of thyroid nodules on US in healthy adults was not associated with abnormal TFT results. Serum TSH check-ups during the evaluation of thyroid nodules discovered through US in asymptomatic individuals living in areas with a low prevalence of autonomous functioning thyroid nodules might not be necessary from the perspective of cost-effectiveness and subject convenience.

College Alcohol Study for Alcohol-Related Behaviors and Problems / 보건행정학회지

BACKGROUND: In this study, we aimed to investigate the drinking behaviors and drinking-related problems of college students in South Korea to produce national alcohol statistics. METHODS: We carefully examined the questionnaires and previous research developed in the previous research project and selected questions that reflect the special environment and culture of college students. In order to stratify a nationally representative sample of college students, the distribution of students around the country were found through the educational statistics database of the Korea Educational Development Institute. Based on this information, we conducted a survey in collaboration with Gallup (Korea) to survey and analyze the drinking behaviors of 5,024 Korean students. RESULTS: A nationwide cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2017, for Korean college students. A total of 5,024 students were recruited and analyzed. The monthly drinking rate was 78.0% for male students and 72.9% for female students. The high-risk drinking rate was 23.3% for male students and 17.2% for female students. The most popular category for number of drinks per drinking session was ‘more than 10 glasses’ per drinking session for both male (44.1%) and female (32.8%). On the alcohol use disorders identification test, the greatest proportion of male students were in the high-risk drinking category (score 8 to 15) 43.8%, followed by the ‘low-risk drinking’ (score 0 to 7) in 43.6%, ‘alcohol abuse’ (score 16 to 19) 7.2%, and ‘alcohol dependence’ (greater than 20) 5.4% categories, respectively. For female students, the greatest proportion of female students were in the ‘low-risk drinking’ in 49.6%, followed by ‘high-risk drinking’ 37.1%, ‘alcohol abuse’ 8.4%, and ‘alcohol dependence’ 4.9% categories, respectively. CONCLUSION: The results of the study showed that the drinking behavior of Korean college students was excessive. Overall, it was found that the college population has a greater high-risk drinking behaviors than general adult population. Furthermore, these problem drinking behaviors were prominent among female college students. Results from the present study suggest that it is necessary to monitor the drinking behavior of college students with constant interest and to prepare policies and strategies suitable for these circumstances.

Effects of a Moderate Drinking Program based on Social Cognitive Theory on College Students with Drinking Problems

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the moderate drinking program based on social cognitive theory on changes in the drinking habits of college students with drinking problems. METHODS: This study included a total of 68 college students with drinking problems. These participants participated in 10 sessions of a moderate drinking program in which social cognitive theory was applied. Changes in the cognition and behaviors of the participants were then investigated. RESULTS: The moderate drinking program based on social cognitive theory for college students with drinking problems was effective in increasing the subjects' drinking-related knowledge (U=191.50, p<.001), enhancing their drinking refusal self-efficacy(t=8.02, p<.001), and changing their drinking-related attitudes (U=108.50, p<.001), drinking outcome expectancy (t=8.68, p<.001), amount of drinking in a single session (χ²=25.72, p<.001), number of drinking sessions per month (x2=10.05, p=.006), and problem drinking behaviors (t=5.77, p<.001). CONCLUSION: These results can be used to inform a regular on-campus intervention programs for moderate drinking, and to implement education about moderate drinking, thereby increasing the success rate of drinking reduction.

A study on the characteristics of Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey (MBI-GS) of workers in one electronics company

BACKGROUND: This study investigated characteristics according to demographic, occupational factors of Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey (MBI-GS) and related scales to MBI-GS. METHODS: The subjects of the study were 3,331 workers in 3 different workplaces of one electronics company. They filled in demographic factors surveys, occupational factors surveys, MBI-GS, Korean Occupational Stress Scale-Short Form (KOSS-SF), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and World Health Organization Quality Of Life-Abbreviated version (WHOQOL-BREF). The correlations between sub-scales of MBI-GS and KOSS-SF, PHQ-9, WHOQOL-BREF were analyzed respectively. And KOSS-SF, PHQ-9, and WHOQOL-BREF were categorized; mean scores of sub-scales of MBI-GS were compared; and the quartiles of sub-scales of MBI-GS were presented. RESULTS: A comparison of mean scores of MBI-GS according to demographic and occupational factors showed a significant difference according to age, problem drinking behavior, working time, and working duration in exhaustion regardless of sex. In professional efficacy, a significant difference was observed in age, marital status, working type, and working duration. And as a result of correlation analysis, the correlation coefficient between exhaustion and PHQ-9 was the highest regardless of sex. In addition, regardless of sex, exhaustion and cynicism scores tended to increase and professional efficacy score tended to decrease as the work stress level rose. Same tendency is shown in case of the more severe the symptom of depression and the lower quality of life. When the quartile for sub-scales' score of MBI-GS were investigated, the burnout was more pronounced in female than in male. CONCLUSIONS: Many demographic and occupational factors affect burnout were identified in one electronics company, and we investigated which sub-scales of MBI-GS were affected. Through this study, burnout characteristics were identified in a few population group of Korea, and the results are expected to be useful for burnout risk group identification, counseling, etc.

Baumann Skin Type in the Korean Male Population

BACKGROUND: Research into the Baumann skin type (BST) has recently expanded, with growing interest in the development of an efficient and effective skin type classification system for better understanding of this skin condition. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to identify male-specific skin type characteristics with investigation into the distribution of BST by age and region in the Korean male population and to determine the intrinsic and extrinsic factors related to skin type. METHODS: A questionnaire was administered to collect information about age, region, working behavior, drinking behavior, smoking behavior, usual habit of sun protection, medical history, and the BST which consisted of four parameters; oily (O) or dry (D), sensitive (S) or resistant (R), pigmented (P) or non-pigmented (N), and wrinkled (W) or tight (T). RESULTS: We surveyed 1,000 Korean males aged between 20 and 60 years who were divided equally by age and region. Of the total respondents, OSNW type accounted for the largest percentage and ORPW type the lowest. In terms of Baumann parameters, O type was 53.5%, S type was 56.1%, N type was 84.4% and W type was 57.5%. Several behavioral factors were found to have various relationships with the skin type. CONCLUSION: The predominant skin type in the Korean male respondents was OSNW type, and the distribution of skin types with regards to age and region was reported to be distinct. Therefore, skin care should be customized based on detailed skin types considering the various environmental factors.

Electronic and Conventional Cigarette Use and Drinking Behaviors in Korean Adolescents / 가정의학회지

No abstract available.

Diverse characters of Brennan’s paw incision model regarding certain parameters in the rat / 대한통증학회지

BACKGROUND: Brennan’s rodent paw incision model has been extensively used for understanding mechanisms underlying postoperative pain in humans. However, alterations of physiological parameters like blood pressure and heart rate, or even feeding and drinking patterns after the incision have not been documented as yet. Moreover, though eicosanoids like prostaglandins and leukotrienes contribute to inflammation, tissue levels of these inflammatory mediators have never been studied. This work further investigates the antinociceptive effect of protein C after intra-wound administration. METHODS: Separate groups of Sprague–Dawley rats were used for quantitation of cyclooxygenase (COX) activity and leukotriene B4 level by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, as well as estimation of cardiovascular parameters and feeding and drinking behavior after paw incision. In the next part, rats were subjected to incision and 10 μg of protein C was locally administered by a micropipette. Both evoked and non-evoked pain parameters were then estimated. RESULTS: COX, particularly COX-2 activity and leukotriene B4 levels increased after incision. Hemodynamic parameters were normal. Feeding and drinking were affected on days 1 and 3, and on day 1, respectively. Protein C attenuated non-evoked pain behavior alone up to day 2. CONCLUSIONS: Based upon current observations, Brennan’s rodent paw incision model appears to exhibit a prolonged period of nociception similar to that after surgery, with minimal interference of physiological parameters. Protein C, which is likely converted to activated protein C in the wound, attenuated the guarding score, which probably represents pain at rest after surgery in humans.

Risk Factors for Suicidal Ideation and Attempts in Adolescents

OBJECTIVE: Although suicide is a serious public health concern for adolescents, there is a lack of studies that explore its risk factors in the Republic of Korea. The present study aims to investigate risk factors associated with suicidal behaviors in Korean adolescents. METHODS: Participants consisted of 2258 middle and high school students who completed a series of questionnaires regarding suicide ideation or attempts, non-suicidal self-injuries, depression, impulsivity, drinking behaviors, and negative life events, including peer bullying. RESULTS: Among the participants, 8.3% of students reported suicide ideation, while 3.2% reported a history of a suicide attempt in the past 12 months. Depression, peer-victimization, internet-related delinquency, and positive attitudes toward suicide were associated with suicidal ideations and attempts. Adverse life events were also associated with suicide ideation, but not attempts, while not living with both parents and poor family relationships were associated with suicide attempts, but not ideations. Non-suicidal self-injuries were associated with both suicide ideations and attempts. Students with suicidal ideations and attempts can be differentiated depending on the presence of self-injury. CONCLUSION: In addition to depression or behavioral problems, non-suicidal self-injuries and lack of support from family may also play significant roles in suicide attempts in adolescents. To facilitate the prevention of suicide in adolescents, longitudinal studies should be followed to confirm the risk factors identified in this study.